Most today are one of five types: Approximately 10% of countries today are considered dictatorships. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. Some dictators also have a charismatic personality, according to Max Weber, which can make them appealing to citizens regardless of the force and violence they apply. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. While royal rule, as legitimized by blood descent, had almost vanished as an effective principle of government in the modern world, monocracya term that comprehends the rule of non-Western royal absolutists, of generals and strongmen in Latin America and Asia, of a number of leaders in postcolonial Africa, and of the totalitarian heads of communist statesstill flourished. Rule by dictators has taken several different forms. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Test your vocabulary with our 10-question quiz! The simple forms of oligarchic rule associated with pre-industrial societies are, of course, rapidly disappearing. The term dictatorship comes from the Latin title dictator, which in the Roman Republic designated a temporary magistrate who was granted extraordinary powers in order to deal with state crises. Vladimir Putin's Russia is headed for a military dictatorship - and Think back to what you have previously learned about history. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. Dictatorship definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. Elites are also the primary political threats of a dictator, as they can leverage their power to influence or overthrow the dictatorship. It does not involve any electoral process for the appointment. - Definition, Facts, Characteristics & Examples, Army Leadership: Attributes, Philosophy & Principles, Strategic Leadership: Definition, Characteristics & Examples, Human Resources Management: Help & Review, International Business Management: Help & Review, Using Kanban in Business Management: Help & Review, U.S. Labor Law in the Private Sector Post-1960, High School Business for Teachers: Help & Review, Introduction to Financial Accounting: Certificate Program, Information Systems and Computer Applications: Certificate Program, Introduction to Management: Help and Review, Dictatorship Lesson for Kids: Definition & Facts, Robinson-Patman Act Of 1936: Summary, Overview, Interactive Marketing: Strategies & Examples, What Is Cultural Awareness in Business? While portrayed to their people as benevolent, loving rulers, dictators typically come to power simply to benefit themselves. Russia has all the working parts of a democratic state, but since Putin took power, experts believe these working parts have been made to serve him and those close to him. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has inaugurated Turkey's first nuclear power plant via video link in his first public appearance since falling ill on live TV Tuesday night. Totalitarianism is a type of governmental system in which the government exerts a domineering level of control over the population. [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. One moose, two moose. [56] Caesar subverted the tradition of temporary dictatorships when he was made dictator perpetuo, or a dictator for life, which led to the creation of the Roman Empire. To be considered a dictatorship means that a country is known to be run by one person without any checks and balances on his power. It is an authoritarian form of government where one person is in charge of enforcing and enacting the law. [127] Foreign intervention takes place when another country seeks to topple a regime by invading the country or supporting the opposition. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. [117] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. Dictators employ techniques of mass propaganda to sustain public support. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. The demands of industrialization compel recruitment on the basis of skill, merit, and achievement rather than on the basis of inherited social position and wealth. Today, the term "dictator" is associated with cruel and oppressive rulers who violate human rights and maintain their power by jailing and executing their opponents. Fakhrul calls on workers to stand against 'dictatorship' They usually allied themselves with a particular social class, and attempted either to maintain the interests of wealthy and privileged elites or to institute far-reaching left-wing social reforms. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. But monarchs usually inherit their position. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. When letters make sounds that aren't associated w One goose, two geese. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. ", "Dictators and Their Followers: A Theory of Dictatorship", "The many Robespierres from 1794 to the present", "A Family of Political Concepts: Tyranny, Despotism, Bonapartism, Caesarism, Dictatorship, 1750-1917", "The Age of the Caudillos: A Chapter in Hispanic American History", "Europe Will be a Fascist Europe: July 1934May 1936", "African military coups d'tat, 19562001: frequency, trends and distribution", "From Protest to Change of Regime: The 419 Revolt and The Fall of the Rhee Regime in South Korea*", "The waning of the military coup in Arab politics", "Introduction: Studying Communist Dictatorships: From Comparative to Transnational History", "Military Coups and Military Rule in Latin America", "Cuba: The United States and Batista, 1952-58", "The Predicament of Europe's 'Last Dictator', "The Kremlin Emboldened: How Putin Wins Support", "The Resistible Rise of Vladimir Putin: Russia's Nightmare Dressed Like a Daydream", "Biden suggests Putin is a 'dictator' who has committed 'genocide half a world away', "5. | Examples and Characteristics. Whether as presidential dictatorships or as military dictatorships, the regimes that came into being appear to have had common roots in the social and economic problems of the new state. She has a Master's degree in History. Of the 197 countries in the world today, approximately 20 are classified as dictatorships, depending upon the source consulted. [41], Personalist dictatorships fit the exact classic stereotype of authoritarian rule. Most dictatorship countries do not refer to their leader as a dictator, but rather as kings, presidents, prime ministers, etc. Absolute monarchs (kings) are another type of ruler with unlimited power. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. But in a modern-day dictatorship government, one person (or a small group of individuals) has complete control over the government regardless of whether there is a state of emergency or not. [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all of the power lies in the hands of a single individual. New forms of oligarchic rule have also made their appearance in many advanced industrial societies. Synonyms: Caesarism , Stalinism , absolutism , authoritarianism , despotism , monocracy , one-man rule , shogunate , totalitarianism , tyranny Types: police state a country that maintains repressive . In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. [140] Dictatorships may hold semi-competitive elections to qualify for foreign aid, to demonstrate a dictator's control over the government, or to incentivize the party to expand its information-gathering capacity, particularly at the local level. One of the more dramatic examples of this kind of human rights abuse occurred in Myanmar in 2008. [34] When a one-party dictatorship develops gradually through legal means, in can result in conflict between the party organization and the state apparatus and civil service, as the party rules in parallel and increasingly appoints its own members to positions of power. Dictatorship Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com In other democracies, however, constitutional arrangements have survived quite lengthy periods of crisis government. It has fewer advantages than disadvantages Advantages Low crime rates. In Latin America in the 19th century, various dictators arose after effective central authority had collapsed in the new nations recently freed from Spanish colonial rule. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In some of these countries, presidents and prime ministers captured personal power by banning opposition parties and building replicas of the one-party systems of the communist world. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. 279 lessons. [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. [128] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. dictatorship, Form of government in which one person or an oligarchy possesses absolute power without effective constitutional checks. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [93] Chiang Kai-shek continued to rule as dictator of the National government's rump state in Taiwan until his death in 1975. These individuals form an inner circle, making up a class of elites that hold a degree of power within the dictatorship and receive benefits in exchange for their support. A dictatorship is a form of government where one person, or a small group of individuals, can make decisions without effective constitutional limitations. [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. In an essay of about two to three paragraphs, define dictatorship and explain how a dictator can rise to power. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. Military dictatorships are notorious for human rights abuses and the denial of political and social freedoms. Create your account, 20 chapters | Industrialization produces new, differentiated elites that replace the small leadership groupings that once controlled social, economic, and political power in the society. The ruler of a dictatorship is called a dictator. dictatorship - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help It often refers to a form of government that has the authority of absolute rule within one person or a structured polity. Thus, the proclamation of emergency rule was the beginning of the dictatorships of Mussolini in Italy, of Kemal Atatrk in Turkey, of Jzef Pisudski in Poland, of Antnio de Olveira Salazar in Portugal, of Franz von Papen and Hitler in Germany, and of Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt von Schuschnigg in Austria. [106], The nature of dictatorship changed in much of the world at the onset of the 21st century. Corrections? Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. [142] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. [143], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. Secret police are used to gather information about specific political opponents and carry out targeted acts of violence against them, paramilitary forces defend the regime from coups, and formal militaries defend the dictatorship during foreign invasions and major civil conflicts. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. This page was last edited on 27 April 2023, at 19:44. Dictators use intimidation, terror, and the suppression of fundamental civil liberties. What Makes a Ruler a Dictator? Definition and List of Dictators - ThoughtCo Definition of Dictatorship Noun Absolute, imperious, or haughty power or control. succeed. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. It either lies with a single person or a small group of people. [38] Due to the lack of accountability and the smaller group of elites, personalist dictatorships are more prone to corruption than other forms of dictatorship,[39] and they are more repressive than other forms of dictatorship. The use of the term dictatorship originated in the Roman Republic. [26] Ruling parties in one-party dictatorships are distinct from political parties that were created to serve a dictator in that the ruling party in a one-party dictatorship permeates every level of society. This person is called a dictator. To enact policy, a dictator must either appease the regime's elites or attempt to replace them. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. Once in power, the dictators will use fear and violence to stay in office and suppress any opposition. Origin 1540-1580 Middle English < Latin dicttor (dictator + ship) What is a Dictatorship While the People's Republic of China was initially aligned with the Soviet Union, relations between the two countries deteriorated as the Soviet Union underwent de-Stalinization in the late-1950s. (See personalismo.) The dictator has absolute power. 1 : the office of dictator 2 : autocratic rule, control, or leadership people suffering under his dictatorship 3 a : a form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in a dictator or a small clique Communism and dictatorship b : a government organization or group in which absolute power is so concentrated The Democracy-Dictatorship Index is seen as an example of the minimalist approach, whereas the Polity data series is more substantive. Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. Send us feedback about these examples. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. - Definition & Examples, Carl Von Clausewitz: Biography, Theory & Quotes, Small Business Project Management: Planning & Tools, Horizontal Expansion in Business: Definition & Examples, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. Lesley has taught American and World History at the university level for the past seven years. A totalitarian government has "total control of mass communications and social and economic organizations". Dictatorship is the special type of ruling over a country. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1152037614. Dictators use psychological manipulation, imprisonment, torture and murder to intimidate the citizens into complete obedience. Dictatorship. However, his presidency came under dispute in 2019. You won't find a dictator who calls himself a dictator. [46], The shift in the power relation between the dictator and their inner circle has severe consequences for the behavior of such regimes as a whole. Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Putin's Russia is headed for a military dictatorship - and total collapse. Leadership Types and Styles: Help & Review, What is a Leader? Totalitarianism | Definition, Characteristics, Examples, & Facts [74] The Bolsheviks consolidated power by 1922, forming the Soviet Union. Ecclesiastical - a government administrated by a church. There are no checks and balances of power that these leaders need to conform to. [124], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. Articles on Dictatorship. Modern dictatorships first developed in the 19th century, which included Bonapartism in Europe and caudillos in Latin America. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. Indeed, the constitutions of some Western democracies explicitly provide for the grant of emergency powers to the executive in a time of crisis to protect the constitutional order. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. A nation, government, or form of government in which absolute power is wielded by a dictator. They seize power to benefit themselves, their families and their close political allies. During the 19th and 20th centuries, many monarchies (a form of dictatorship) started to decline and disappear. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. Create your account. There are three main characteristics of a dictatorship. 16 Pros and Cons of Dictatorship - Vittana.org Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. To save this word, you'll need to log in. [140] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party.
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