is nacionalidad masculine or feminine in spanish

The feminine singular is formed by adding an ". Indefinite articles in Spanish: A complete guide | Blablalang (F) The patio has a surface of 75 square feet. el diary: the diary Nationalities that end in a consonant have four forms: masculine singular, feminine singular, masculine plural, and feminine plural. * This refers to anyone from either North or South America; to talk about someone from the United States, use estadounidense. The feminine form usually ends in -a. Many nouns that refer to male beings end in -o or -or. un. After that with every lesson I check progress and points to review with the help of a log to have a clear plan in every lesson. the student. The basic rule is that masculine nouns go with masculine adjectives and articles, and feminine nouns go with feminine adjectives and articles. How to speak about your Origin in Spanish - Spring Languages But, sometimes a word is a shorter forms of a longer word, like moto or radio. la conversacin: the conversation, el autobs: the bus Generally, words that end in o are masculine and those that end in a are feminine. MzkxYmU5ZmEzY2QzY2Q2MWYxNDdlMWIzNDJmNzc1ZmM0NWJlNDY0OGM5NjU2 A common mistake made by Spanish learners is to confuse the number one, uno, with un, which means a/an. The second ones, male adjectives ending in s. The masculine form usually ends in -o. Sofia's parents are from two different countries, so she has dual nationality. I adjust my method according to my students needs and I try to encourage students to express themselves. Languages, Countries and Nationalities in Spanish Enthusiastic about my job, I am also committed and conscientious. Yo vengo de los Estados Unidos, pero vivo en Ecuador. La mano (hand) ends in -o, but is feminine. Complete Guide On Gender In Spanish Grammar Definite and Indefinite Articles in Spanish (+ Free PDF) Shes kind and nice. If you just need basic English to shop, to use local transport or to order in a restaurant, I'll provide examples that are simple and easy to remember. NGE4MjA5Mjg0YWVhYTcwYzkwMzk2OWFmMjFkMGE3ODc1ZDRiNmU1ZDkyZmY4 For instance, when the word for a person or occupation ends in -e. When occupations end in -a it gets messy. MDNmNTE5ZTVlOGJlM2JhZDY0MTBiIiwic2lnbmF0dXJlIjoiNzYwYTNmZDk2 All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. the dictionaries, Femimine This page titled 3.3: Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutirrez, H.Ho, C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) . As such, they must agree with the number and sometimes the gender of the noun they're describing. Feel free to practice what you've learnt with the exercises, microphones and audio! To Hanna and the recruiting team: " I appreciate your feed back, I will never let you down!!! That said, we need to get something out of the way before diving into the rules for gender in Spanish. Do you capitalize countries in Spanish? Just like photo is an abbreviation of photograph,fotois the short way of saying fotografa. This enables me to teach beginners, intermediate and advanced students. Spanish Nouns That Are Feminine-a. Some nouns are both masculine and feminine despite their ending In third place, we have unisex adjectives, when the nationality adjective is the same for both genders, like canadiense (for men and women coming from Canada). Country. You can usually tell whether a noun is masculine or feminine by its ending. . ODU2OTRhMmFlMTk5NGY4YjA0ODY5Y2ZlNTc2NDU3NmY5NjQxMzU2NDEyNjcy ____ profesora (indefinite article) la. Spanish nouns may be masculine or feminine. Un - unos. Now lets check out the tricks for masculine nouns in Spanish. MTJkOGRmMDMwMzY2YmM5NDRmMmQ2ZDllMDVmMjU5ZDdhY2UxYmVlYThmOTI0 Francesca is an experienced teacher and a really nice person. the youth. Person: John, girl, dentist Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. Remember, nationalities (like all adjectives in Spanish) take a singular or a plural form and sometimes a feminine or a masculine form: b. citizenship Mi amigo tiene doble nacionalidad de Alemania y Argentina.My friend has dual citizenship in Germany and Argentina. NGFlODllZjZhM2U1ZGQyNjQ2OTkwNmE5MWYxMzI5MmJiZmVmNTFiZGIzY2Fj Select masculine or feminine for each word you hear. coming up later. The difference comes in the nationalities. Is Computadora masculine or feminine? - Quora Go In Spanish (Go to + To go for food and places) [2022], Adjectives in Spanish: The Power of Descriptions in Spanish [2022], Coolest Way to Learn Spanish, by Cond Nast Traveler, The Ultimate Tip-Sheet to Articles in Spanish: El vs La, Un vs Una [2022], Puzzle Solved: Why nouns in Spanish are feminine and masculine [2022]. She is always on time and she makes sure that you will understand everything! Other cultures do use the prefix "afro"with nationalities and regional identities, but it is currently used more often to describe elements of culture rather than to describe individuals (example:la cultura afroperuana, lamsicaafrocubana, lagastronomaafrocaribea). 1.2 Numbers 0-30 2 - Cuntos hay? Fluenz Fluenz Blog Learn Spanish Basic Spanish El or La? gramtica - Determining gender of words ending in "e" - Spanish How do you make las nacionalidades singular? - Answers Spanish has four forms that are equivalent to the English definite article the. Both definite and indefinite articles in Spanish must agree in number (singular/plural) and gender (masculine/feminine) with the noun they modify in Spanish. Georgina is a great professional and she makes you feel really comfortable during the lessons. YmE1YjhhOGVlZjYwZGU2YjVjMjg3YmNlYjA2MzcyZGY1ZjdhNzMyOGE4MzU3 a (one) photograph, Plural: unas fotografas * This is the only word ending in -ua that takes a masculine article. The feminine singular is formed by changing the -o to an -a. MjRjMjE0NjRhMDY3NzRjZTMyMWQ0YzlkNmZhNzU5YzI3ZmM5OTU2YTRlM2Ri is grammatically feminine. I'm Federica and I'm a Certified Italian teacher with over 3 years of experience. If you don't get it, read on. Even though these endings can generally help you with the gender of a noun, there are some words that do not follow these rules. Leccin 1:2 Numbers 0-30. For example: albans / albanesa. A majority of nationalities end in -o .The feminine form for nationalities ending in -o is made by changing the -o to an -a. In this lesson, we'll look at the differences between masculine and feminine nouns and learn some tips to remember them. This can be confusing, especially when some words, like persona (person), can refer to a person that is man or a woman. Meanwhile, nationality is geographic-centric. When feminine and/or plural, they follow the same agreement rules as other adjectives. French classes for children, teenagers and adults. Alba is a white cat. NzkwYzAyZTM1MzExZGVkMzc1MmJmOWE0ZjZmNmMwODYyYjczNWUxNWIxYzI4 Multiple-choice. Spanish has four forms that are equivalent to the English indefinite article, which according to context may mean a, an, or some. If you have studied Spanish, you are painfully aware of this. Looking for a language tutor? Nationalities in Spanish is said NACIONALIDADES and countries PASES, both are plurals. For example, during the course, I listen to my students and comment on their oral productions. That means you have to know when to use 'El' or 'La' for every single noun. SPANISH INDEFINITE ARTICLES: un - masculine singular form. The fact that inanimate objects have a gender in Spanish does not mean that things like tables and books are physically feminine or masculine. Example: Flix es un gato blanc o. Felix is a white cat. examples Juan es un chico francs. Words ending in -ismo are simply the Spanish counterparts to the English isms because they share the same Latin root. But it is something that even advanced students mix up once in a while. Revisin de la literatura sobre las representaciones mediticas de gnero, nacionalidad, raza y . Nacionalidad | Spanish to English Translation - SpanishDict I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Privacy | Terms of Use. It turns out there are exceptions of various kinds. Useful Information, Information to study Spanish in Madrid: travel services, tourist information, events, TANDEM cultural program and more.Study Spanish in Madrid. Adjective Endings in Spanish Grammar - Lingolia Instead of learning: libro = book, try committing to memory: EL libro = The book. Revising Spanish grammar - nouns and articles - BBC Bitesize Gender of the words in Spanish, part 1. - Spanish Words This answer is: For example, el mapa (map) and el da (day) end in -a, but are masculine. She has great materials. MjQxMTNiY2E4NWZiMzlhZDAwYzk4NDdmMTVhYzAwZjljZThlMTliYThhMzI1 Here are some quick rules for the changes you'll need to make to the masculine singular form in order to make the feminine singular and plural forms. el nmero: the number Yet if you are referring to a person or occupation this is what happens: LA espa = The spy (if the spy is a woman. answer choices. unos - masculine plural form. ZjA3NjBhYjQzMzAzYjE1MDA2MGZlMzQ3MDZmZTM3YWY1NWRlODY2Y2NkYjMw (In the rules below, all different ending optionsare noted in bold.). As a result, I remain sensitive to students individual needs, employ effective teaching strategies, provide individual and group support and offer positive encouragement and reinforcement to keep students motivated. Y t, de dnde vienes? These are also descriptive adjectives but they are formed slightly different. Little by little, and loads of practice is the best remedy. Representacin fotogrfica de las atletas en la prensa deportiva Are you tired of trying to improve your English or Spanish without any results? Madre is feminine and padre is. eyJtZXNzYWdlIjoiZTg3NDhkZTAwY2RiYWIzNWZlYTdiYWYxMjk0YWEwYzc2 Thus, some are feminine words and others are masculine. I am a certified ESL teacher after completing a 120-hour course through www.letstefl.com which is affiliated and accredited with WTEFLAC (World TEFL Accrediting Commission). NzVhNTRkZGY2NzllNjEwYzEwYjcxZDM0ZTRlMmVlNGE4Njk3OTI1MmEyZDI2 Nouns in Spanish also have number, meaning that they are either singular or plural. Do you not find a teacher in your region? (Mendoza, Gutirrez, Ho, Lin, and Lugo), { "3.3.01:_Practica-_Los_adjetivos_descriptivos_y_de_nacionalidad" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "3.01:_Vocabulario_3-_Mi_familia" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3.02:_Los_verbos_regulares_-er_-ir" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3.03:_Los_adjetivos_descriptivos_y_de_nacionalidad" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3.04:_Los_adjetivos_posesivos" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3.05:_Tener_y_venir" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3.06:_Saber_y_conocer" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3.07:_Lectura-_La_familia_de_Alex" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3.08:_Video-_La_familia_de_Alex_(y_de_Lula)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3.09:_Bolivia" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_Capitulo_1-_Hola_como_estas" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Capitulo_2-_La_universidad_y_el_colegio_comunitario" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Capitulo_3-_Mi_familia" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Capitulo_4-_Los_pasatiempos_y_las_vacaciones" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Capitulo_5-_De_Compras" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Capitulo_6-_La_rutina_diaria" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_Capitulo_7-_La_comida_y_las_fiestas" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Capitulo_8-_El_consultorio_medico" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Capitulo_9-_La_tecnologia" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Capitulo_10-_La_vivienda" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, 3.3: Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad, [ "article:topic", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbync", "program:oeri", "authorname:gutierrezetal", "licenseversion:40" ], https://human.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fhuman.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FLanguages%2FSpanish%2FNaveguemos_juntos%2F03%253A_Capitulo_3-_Mi_familia%2F3.03%253A_Los_adjetivos_descriptivos_y_de_nacionalidad, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 3.2.1: Prctica- Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir", 3.3.1: Prctica- Los adjetivos descriptivos y de nacionalidad, ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative, Descriptive Adjectives and Adjectives of Nationality, M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutirrez, H.Ho, C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo. Jos is the friendly owner (m . Spanish- Possesive Adjectives. Massive List of 100+ Spanish Countries and Nationalities in Spanish Moreover, she really structures her classes on her students' needs and interests. The following nouns are exceptions to the above rules and are masculine, not feminine. Gender Nouns in Spanish, even those that refer to non-living things, are considered either masculine or feminine. The nationalities in Spanish are in masculine or feminine gender. MjM5N2VlYTA5ZTc4ODY2YTc1OGExYmJkOTE3NjIzNDVlOWIzZWM4MzA4MTAz Those links will take you di. For those who are serious about their Spanish, there is nothing like the entire Fluenz journey including our digital App, the face-to-face Online Immersion, and the six-day experiences in Mexico City, Barcelona, or Oaxaca. If the masculine form ends in consonant, we will add an -a. unas - feminine plural form. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Male and female nationalities In Spanish, nationalities are adjectives. Passive Voice in Spanish: Examples & Practice, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, What are Cognates in Spanish? If you're talking to him, you can really feel his passion for teaching the English language. Thing: book, car, tomato Spanish Nouns and Articles Flashcards | Chegg.com en la prensa digital deportiva espaola (Informative treatment of sportsmen's wives and girlfriends (WAGs) in Spanish sport digital press). irane. Copyright Curiosity Media, Inc., a division of IXL Learning, Relative Adjectives Like "Cuyo" in Spanish, Spanish Exclamatory Words and Expressions, remove the written accent over the vowel if there is one. OGJkMjI0MDIyNjA5OWExZjA0MjJhOTc5NGM0OWI2YzAzZDhlNmYzNjdiMjdj 2012-09-07 05:52:30. NTAxODQyM2I1OTRhMDQ0MDkyNzk4YTRmNWQzNTVmY2MxMmUzNGJlNTJiOWM5 Spanish nouns have a gender, which is either feminine (like la mujer or la luna) or masculine (like el hombre or el sol). I will be with you all the way! All level classes. Cmo le preguntaras a tu maestra su nacionalidad. ZTViYmUxMzYwYjNmMTEzNTY4ZDIwMTdmOTkyZmFlYWU4NWNjZjc2ZDY2YTc2 In his classes, all 4 language skills: Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking are perfectly covered, and you will learn very easy and quick. English translation of 'la nationalit' - Collins Dictionary 21. Los artculos definidos Definite articles are used when you have a specific item in mind. Sure!!! el programa: the program, la leccin: the lesson ZDczNzQ5MThkZTk0MmVlZDRhNDgyZGUyMDQzMTNiM2JlN2FlMzgyYWEzNWVi copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Countries in Spanish are proper nouns so they will always begin with capital letter. Miami Beach, FL 33139, All Rights Reserved, 2017-2023. All rights reserved. (gen) nationality ser de nacionalidad argentina to be of Argentinian nationality have Argentinian citizenship tener doble nacionalidad to have dual nationality 2. Gender of Nouns in Spanish - ThoughtCo They have a master's degrees in English from Southeast Missouri State University and a master's degree in Spanish literature from the University of Missouri Columbia. I have a degree in Modern Languages and Literature. For example, apples (manzanas) are feminine in Spanish, so this word must be used with feminine articles like la, las, and una. Words ending in -ed (if the stress falls on this syllable). If you know your endings and what gender they fall into, the onlyexception to keep in mind is when the word refers to a person, an animal or an occupation because the person or animal will determine the gender of the word. The masculine and feminine forms of nouns that end in -ista, like turista, are the same, so gender is indicated by the article el (masculine) or la (feminine). There are eight different nationalities represented on the team's starting lineup. The verb "ser" is used with adjectives of nationality. Let's have fun together, it's the best way to learn! - False & True Examples, Irregular Commands in Spanish: Formal & Tu, Irregular Comparatives & Superlatives in Spanish, Simple & Basic Spanish Sentences: Preterite & Imperfect, Car Gar Zar Commands in Spanish: Usted & Tu, Car Gar Zar Verbs in Spanish: Present & Preterite, Irregular Comparative Adjectives in Spanish, Negative & Indefinite Pronouns in Spanish, Discussing International Politics in Spanish, CLEP Spanish Language Levels 1 and 2 Prep, Activities for Teaching English Language Learners, Occupational English Test (OET): Study Guide & Practice, IELTS General Training: Practice & Study Guide, BULATS Business English: Test Prep & Practice, MTEL Sheltered English Immersion (SEI) (56) Prep, Vocabulary for Vehicles & Driving in Spanish, Spanish Vocabulary for Public Transportation, Listening to Someone Give Directions in Spanish, Christmas & Three Kings' Day Vocabulary in Spanish, Birthdays & Anniversaries Vocabulary in Spanish, Praxis Spanish Exam Essay Topics & Rubric, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Exception:Bueno and malo can be placed either before or after the noun. If a word came from Latin, and it was masculine in . All Spanish nouns (sustantivos), including people, places, animals, things, ideas, and feelings, have a gender (male or female). Indefinite articles in Spanish. Unlike English, in Spanish even inanimate nouns are classified as masculine or feminine. OWFjOGJhZDk4OTNkZTk1YWE5NjExZDRjMDY0NDA5ZDQxOTEwOTllMmU2MWE1 ZGNhZGFlZGFiOWI1MGI2ODlhOGVmYzI4OWQwNTQ0ZDcyM2I3NjFkZWI5M2Jj Mari is a very nice, open and communicative person to speak with. Groups are always referred to as masculine 5. But, first, let's discuss some other 'rules of thumbs'. 501 lessons. I always try to get the student to express themselves as much as possible. Nouns ending in -o are usually masculine, and nouns ending in -a are usually feminine. A noun is a word used to identify people, animals, places, things, or ideas. YWM2NmMyYjc2YzJlNWNiNjE2ZjVjNTE2Yzg0MWUxYTU5ZWRiMmNhMDdjMjlh Nouns that end in -a are usually feminine. I own a TEFL Certificate as well as a Degree in Early Childhood and Primary Education. When you come across a new Spanish noun, always learn the word for the or a that goes with it to help you remember its gender. la maleta: the suitcase 1.6: Definite and indefinite articles (Gender and number) OThjMDFlZWFjM2I3Yzg2NzRmOTZmZjJiYzJmOWE1NTBmNDcxYzJmZTY1ZTA4 This means that every word for a person, place, thing or idea is either masculine or feminine. Most masculine nouns end in o. Damian: Hola! I always try to adapt and design a personalised method to reach theirs aims. Damian: Yo vengo de los Estados Unidos, pero vivo en Ecuador. (F) There were many turns in the road. Two other endings for feminine nouns are -dad / -tad, like in felicidad (happiness) and amistad (friendship). Additionally, if it ends in 'a', it is feminine. Language. Learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. . Mi amigo tiene doble nacionalidad de Alemania y Argentina. The following nouns, however, always remain feminine, regardless of the gender of the person being described: la persona (the person) Here are two some rules to consider when talking about people's nationalities in Spanish. Nouns in Spanish Flashcards | Quizlet And because it is an occupation, we said that those that end in -a, tend to stay the same. For adjectives ending in a consonant, there are four forms (masculine, feminine, singular and plural). Nouns that end in -o are usually masculine. The nationalities in Spanish are in masculine or feminine gender. In any case, if a word has any of the following endings you can be absolutely sure that it is masculine. Another reason to memorize the gender of every noun is that there are common exceptions to the rules of gender. The masculine singular has a written accent on the vowel of the last syllable. Genders and articles - KS3 Spanish - BBC Bitesize A student learns how to identify gender in Spanish. Have you tried it yet? Feminine forms. las - feminine plural form. Feminine or masculine? For adjectives ending in a consonant, there are four forms (masculine, feminine, singular and plural). Access millions of accurate translations written by our team of experienced English-Spanish translators.
Metallic Gradient Figma, Amaro Ramazzotti Substitute, Indecent Exposure Georgia, Most Expensive Wedding Photographer In The World, Nicole Mcgregor Leamington Spa, Articles I

is nacionalidad masculine or feminine in spanish 2023